10 What are the three port groups present in ESX server networking
1. Virtual Machine Port Group - Used for Virtual Machine Network
2. Service Console Port Group - Used for Service Console Communications
3. VMKernel Port Group - Used for VMotion, iSCSI, NFS Communications
1. Virtual Machine Port Group - Used for Virtual Machine Network
2. Service Console Port Group - Used for Service Console Communications
3. VMKernel Port Group - Used for VMotion, iSCSI, NFS Communications
11. What is the use of a Port Group?
The port group segregates the type of communication.
The port group segregates the type of communication.
12. What are the type of communications which requires an IP address for sure ?
Service Console and VMKernel (VMotion and iSCSI), these communications does not happen without an ip address (Whether it is a single or dedicated)
Service Console and VMKernel (VMotion and iSCSI), these communications does not happen without an ip address (Whether it is a single or dedicated)
13. In the ESX Server licensing features VMotion License is showing as Not used, why?
Even though the license box is selected, it shows as "License Not Used" until, you enable the VMotion option for specific vSwitch
Even though the license box is selected, it shows as "License Not Used" until, you enable the VMotion option for specific vSwitch
14. How the Virtual Machine Port group communication works ?
All the vm's which are configured in VM Port Group are able to connect to the physical machines on the network. So this port group enables communication between vSwitch and Physical Switch to connect vm's to Physical Machine's
All the vm's which are configured in VM Port Group are able to connect to the physical machines on the network. So this port group enables communication between vSwitch and Physical Switch to connect vm's to Physical Machine's
15. What is a VLAN ?
A VLAN is a logical configuration on the switch port to segment the IP Traffic. For this to happen, the port must be trunked with the correct VLAN ID.
A VLAN is a logical configuration on the switch port to segment the IP Traffic. For this to happen, the port must be trunked with the correct VLAN ID.
16. Does the vSwitches support VLAN Tagging? Why?
Yes, The vSwitches support VLAN Tagging, otherwise if the virtual machines in an esx host are connected to different VLANS, we need to install a separate physical nic (vSwitch) for every VLAN. That is the reason vmware included the VLAN tagging for vSwitches. So every vSwitch supports upto 1016 ports, and BTW they can support 1016 VLANS if needed, but an ESX server doesn’t support that many VM’s. :)
Yes, The vSwitches support VLAN Tagging, otherwise if the virtual machines in an esx host are connected to different VLANS, we need to install a separate physical nic (vSwitch) for every VLAN. That is the reason vmware included the VLAN tagging for vSwitches. So every vSwitch supports upto 1016 ports, and BTW they can support 1016 VLANS if needed, but an ESX server doesn’t support that many VM’s. :)
17. What is Promiscuous Mode on vSwitch ? What happens if it sets to Accept?
If the promiscuous mode set to Accept, all the communication is visible to all the virtual machines, in other words all the packets are sent to all the ports on vSwitch
If the promiscuous mode set to Reject, the packets are sent to inteded port, so that the intended virtual machine was able to see the communication.
If the promiscuous mode set to Accept, all the communication is visible to all the virtual machines, in other words all the packets are sent to all the ports on vSwitch
If the promiscuous mode set to Reject, the packets are sent to inteded port, so that the intended virtual machine was able to see the communication.
18. What is MAC address Changes ? What happens if it is set to Accept ?
When we create a virtual machine the configuration wizard generates a MAC address for that machine, you can see it in the .vmx (VM Config) file. If it doesn't matches with the MAC address in the OS this setting does not allow incoming traffic to the VM. So by setting Reject Option both MAC addresses will be remains same, and the incoming traffic will be allowed to the VM.
When we create a virtual machine the configuration wizard generates a MAC address for that machine, you can see it in the .vmx (VM Config) file. If it doesn't matches with the MAC address in the OS this setting does not allow incoming traffic to the VM. So by setting Reject Option both MAC addresses will be remains same, and the incoming traffic will be allowed to the VM.
19. What is Forged Transmits ? What happens if it is set to Accept ?
When we create a virtual machine the configuration wizard generates a MAC address for that machine, you can see it in the .vmx (VM Config) file. If it doesn't matches with the MAC address in the OS this setting does not allow outgoing traffic from the VM. So by setting Reject Option both MAC addresses will be remains same, and the outgoing traffic will be allowed from the VM.
When we create a virtual machine the configuration wizard generates a MAC address for that machine, you can see it in the .vmx (VM Config) file. If it doesn't matches with the MAC address in the OS this setting does not allow outgoing traffic from the VM. So by setting Reject Option both MAC addresses will be remains same, and the outgoing traffic will be allowed from the VM.
20. What are the core services of VC ?
VM provisioning , Task Scheduling and Event Logging
VM provisioning , Task Scheduling and Event Logging
21. Can we do vMotion between two datacenters ? If possible how it will be?
Yes we can do vMotion between two datacenters, but the mandatory requirement is the VM should be powered off.
Yes we can do vMotion between two datacenters, but the mandatory requirement is the VM should be powered off.
22. What is VC agent? and what service it is corresponded to? What are the minimum req's for VC agent installation ?
VC agent is an agent installed on ESX server which enables communication between VC and ESX server.
The daemon associated with it is called vmware-hostd , and the service which corresponds to it is called as mgmt-vmware, in the event of VC agent failure just restart the service by typing the following command at the service console
VC agent is an agent installed on ESX server which enables communication between VC and ESX server.
The daemon associated with it is called vmware-hostd , and the service which corresponds to it is called as mgmt-vmware, in the event of VC agent failure just restart the service by typing the following command at the service console
" service mgmt-vmware restart "
VC agent installed on the ESX server when we add it to the VC, so at the time of installtion if you are getting an error like " VC Agent service failed to install ", check the /Opt size whether it is sufficient or not.
VC agent installed on the ESX server when we add it to the VC, so at the time of installtion if you are getting an error like " VC Agent service failed to install ", check the /Opt size whether it is sufficient or not.
23. How can you edit VI Client Settings and VC Server Settings ?
Click Edit Menu on VC and Select Client Settings to change VI settings
Click Administration Menu on VC and Select VC Management Server Configuration to Change VC Settings
Click Edit Menu on VC and Select Client Settings to change VI settings
Click Administration Menu on VC and Select VC Management Server Configuration to Change VC Settings
24. What are the files that make a Virtual Machine ?
.vmx - Virtual Machine Configuration File
.nvram - Virtual Machine BIOS
.vmdk - Virtual Machine Disk file
.vswp - Virtual Machine Swap File
.vmsd - Virtual MAchine Snapshot Database
.vmsn - Virtual Machine Snapshot file
.vmss - Virtual Machine Suspended State file
.vmware.log - Current Log File
.vmware-#.log - Old Log file
.vmx - Virtual Machine Configuration File
.nvram - Virtual Machine BIOS
.vmdk - Virtual Machine Disk file
.vswp - Virtual Machine Swap File
.vmsd - Virtual MAchine Snapshot Database
.vmsn - Virtual Machine Snapshot file
.vmss - Virtual Machine Suspended State file
.vmware.log - Current Log File
.vmware-#.log - Old Log file
25. What are the devices that can be added while the virtual Machine running
In VI 3.5 we can add Hard Disk and NIC's while the machine running.
In VI 3.5 we can add Hard Disk and NIC's while the machine running.
In vSphere 4.0 we can add Memory and Processor along with HDD and NIC's while the machine running
26. How to set the time delay for BIOS screen for a Virtual Machine?
Right Click on VM, select edit settings, choose options tab and select boot option, set the delay how much you want.
Right Click on VM, select edit settings, choose options tab and select boot option, set the delay how much you want.
27. What is a template ?
We can convert a VM into Template, and it cannot be powered on once its changed to template. This is used to quick provisioning of VM's.
We can convert a VM into Template, and it cannot be powered on once its changed to template. This is used to quick provisioning of VM's.
23. What to do to customize the windows virtual machine clone,?
copy the sysprep files to Virtual center directory on the server, so that the wizard will take the advantage of it.
copy the sysprep files to Virtual center directory on the server, so that the wizard will take the advantage of it.
24. What to do to customize the linux/unix virtual machine clone,?
VC itself includes the customization tools, as these operating systems are available as open source.
VC itself includes the customization tools, as these operating systems are available as open source.
25. Does cloning from template happens between two datacenters ?
Yes.. it can, if the template in one datacenter, we can deploy the vm from that template in another datacenter without any problem.
Yes.. it can, if the template in one datacenter, we can deploy the vm from that template in another datacenter without any problem.
26. What are the common issues with snapshots? What stops from taking a snapshot and how to fix it ?
If you configure the VM with Mapped LUN's, then the snapshot failed. If it is mapped as virtual then we can take a snapshot of it.
If you configure the VM with Mapped LUN's as physical, you need to remove it to take a snapshot.
If you configure the VM with Mapped LUN's, then the snapshot failed. If it is mapped as virtual then we can take a snapshot of it.
If you configure the VM with Mapped LUN's as physical, you need to remove it to take a snapshot.
27. What are the settings that are taken into to consideration when we initiate a snapshot ?
Virtual Machine Configuration (What hardware is attached to it)
State of the Virtual Machine Hard Disk file ( To revert back if needed)
State of the Virtual Machine Memory (if it is powered on)
Virtual Machine Configuration (What hardware is attached to it)
State of the Virtual Machine Hard Disk file ( To revert back if needed)
State of the Virtual Machine Memory (if it is powered on)
28. What are the requirements for Converting a Physical machine to VM ?
An agent needs to be installed on the Physical machine
VI client needs to be installed with Converter Plug-in
A server to import/export virtual machines
An agent needs to be installed on the Physical machine
VI client needs to be installed with Converter Plug-in
A server to import/export virtual machines
29. What is VMWare consolidated backup ?
It is a backup framework, that supports 3rd party utilities to take backups of ESX servers and Virtual Machines. Its not a backup service.
It is a backup framework, that supports 3rd party utilities to take backups of ESX servers and Virtual Machines. Its not a backup service.
30. To open the guided consolidation tool, what are the user requirements ?
The user must be member of administrator, The user should have "Logon as service" privileges - To give a user these privileges, open local sec policy, select Logon as service policy and add the user the user should have read access to AD to send queries
The user must be member of administrator, The user should have "Logon as service" privileges - To give a user these privileges, open local sec policy, select Logon as service policy and add the user the user should have read access to AD to send queries
31. what are the products included in the vmware Vsphere 5.5 bundle?
Vmware ESXi
Vcenter server
Vmware Vsphere client and web client
Vsphere update manager
Vcenter orchestrator
Vmware ESXi
Vcenter server
Vmware Vsphere client and web client
Vsphere update manager
Vcenter orchestrator
32. what are the basis commands to troubleshoot communication issues between esxi and vcenter and web-access?
service vmware-vpxa restart
service network restart
service vmware-webaccess restart
service vmware-vpxa restart
service network restart
service vmware-webaccess restart
33. What are the security options available for the vcenter vswitch?
promiscuous mode- reject
MAC address change - accept
Forged transmits – accept
promiscuous mode- reject
MAC address change - accept
Forged transmits – accept
34. What are the load balancing policies available on the vswitch?
Route based on originating vswitch portID
Route based on originating mac hash
Route based on IP hash
Route based on originating vswitch portID
Route based on originating mac hash
Route based on IP hash
35. What is VMware HA?
VMware® High Availability (HA) provides easy to use, cost effective high availability for applications running in virtual machines. In the event of server failure, affected virtual machines are automatically restarted on other production servers with spare capacity
VMware® High Availability (HA) provides easy to use, cost effective high availability for applications running in virtual machines. In the event of server failure, affected virtual machines are automatically restarted on other production servers with spare capacity
36. What is AAM in HA?
AAM is the Legato automated availability management. Prior to vSphere 4.1, VMware's HA is actually re engineered to work with VM's with the help of Legato's Automated Availability Manager (AAM) software. VMware's vCenter agent (vpxa) interfaces with the VMware HA agent which acts as an intermediary to the AAM software. From vSphere 5.0, it uses an agent called “FDM” (Fault Domain Manager).
AAM is the Legato automated availability management. Prior to vSphere 4.1, VMware's HA is actually re engineered to work with VM's with the help of Legato's Automated Availability Manager (AAM) software. VMware's vCenter agent (vpxa) interfaces with the VMware HA agent which acts as an intermediary to the AAM software. From vSphere 5.0, it uses an agent called “FDM” (Fault Domain Manager).
37. What are pre-requites for HA to work?
1.Shared storage for the VMs running in HA cluster
2.Essentials plus, standard, Advanced, Enterprise and Enterprise Plus Licensing
3.Create VMHA enabled Cluster
4.Management network redundancy to avoid frequent isolation response in case of temporary network issues (preferred not a requirement)
1.Shared storage for the VMs running in HA cluster
2.Essentials plus, standard, Advanced, Enterprise and Enterprise Plus Licensing
3.Create VMHA enabled Cluster
4.Management network redundancy to avoid frequent isolation response in case of temporary network issues (preferred not a requirement)
38. What is maximum number of primary HA hosts in vSphere 4.1?
Maximum number of primary HA host is 5. VMware HA cluster chooses the first 5 hosts that joins the cluster as primary nodes and all others hosts are automatically selected as secondary nodes.
Maximum number of primary HA host is 5. VMware HA cluster chooses the first 5 hosts that joins the cluster as primary nodes and all others hosts are automatically selected as secondary nodes.
39. How to see the list of Primary nodes in HA cluster?
View the log file named "aam_config_util_listnodes.log" under /var/log/vmware/aam using the below command
cat /var/log/vmware/aam/aam_config_util_listnodes.log
View the log file named "aam_config_util_listnodes.log" under /var/log/vmware/aam using the below command
cat /var/log/vmware/aam/aam_config_util_listnodes.log
40. What is the command to restart /Start/Stop HA agent in the ESX host?
service vmware-aam restart
service vmware-aam stop
service vmware-aam start
service vmware-aam restart
service vmware-aam stop
service vmware-aam start
41. Where to located HA related logs in case of troubleshooting?
/Var/log/vmware/aam
/Var/log/vmware/aam
42. Check HA related ports are open in firewall to allow for the communication
Incoming port: TCP/UDP 8042-8045
Outgoing port: TCP/UDP 2050-2250
Incoming port: TCP/UDP 8042-8045
Outgoing port: TCP/UDP 2050-2250
43. What is HA Admission control?
VCenter Server uses admission control to ensure that sufficient resources are available in a cluster to provide failover protection and to ensure that virtual machine resource reservations are respected.
VCenter Server uses admission control to ensure that sufficient resources are available in a cluster to provide failover protection and to ensure that virtual machine resource reservations are respected.
44. What are the 2 types of settings available for admission control?
Enable: Do not power on VMs that violate availability constraints
Disable: Power on VMs that violate availability constraints
Enable: Do not power on VMs that violate availability constraints
Disable: Power on VMs that violate availability constraints
45. What is the memory reclaim process?
esx memory reclaim process
esx memory reclaim process
- TPS - transparent page sharing - shares similar data of different VMson a single page
- Balloning - Ballon driver informs ESX of how much free memory available on the physical guest memory, therefore esx swaps the physical host memory
- host memory swapping
46. What is the patching process for the esxi cluster?
We will need to use Vsphere update manager and follow the mentioned process:
We will need to use Vsphere update manager and follow the mentioned process:
- Download patches - patch repository
- Create baseline – default
- If creating - go for dynamic not fixed
- Once downloaded - remediate on the cluster or the esxi
47. What is VMware Fault Tolerance?
VMware Fault Tolerance is a component of VMware vSphere and it provides continuous availability to applications by preventing downtime and data loss of Virtual machines in the event of ESX server failures.
VMware Fault Tolerance is a component of VMware vSphere and it provides continuous availability to applications by preventing downtime and data loss of Virtual machines in the event of ESX server failures.
48. What is the name of the technology used by VMware FT?
vLockstep technology till 5.5
fast checkpointing in 6.0
vLockstep technology till 5.5
fast checkpointing in 6.0
49. If vCenter is down, will the FT work?
vCenter server is only required to enable FT on the virtual machine.once it is configured, vCenter is not required to be in online for FT to work. FT failover between primary and secondary will occure even if the vCenter is down.
vCenter server is only required to enable FT on the virtual machine.once it is configured, vCenter is not required to be in online for FT to work. FT failover between primary and secondary will occure even if the vCenter is down.
50. What are the ports used for vmotion ports and P2v ports?
8000 –vmotion
8100 and 8200 – FT
445, 139, 9089 or 9090 – P2v
8042 and 8045 – HA
8000 –vmotion
8100 and 8200 – FT
445, 139, 9089 or 9090 – P2v
8042 and 8045 – HA
51. What are the components of Vsphere 5.5
VCenter single sign ON
Vsphere web client
Vcenter inventory service
Vcenter server
VCenter single sign ON
Vsphere web client
Vcenter inventory service
Vcenter server
52. how to troubleshoot purple screen on ESXi server?
possible hardware issue - it will show - CPU or Memory
possible hardware issue - it will show - CPU or Memory
During startup of an ESXi 5.x host, the startup script /usr/lib/vmware/vmksummary/log-bootstop.sh checks the defined Dump Partition for new contents. If new content is found, an entry is written to the /var/log/vmksummary.log file citing bootstop: Core dump found.
First we need to enable the coredump network
esxcli system coredump network set --interface-name vmk0 --server-IPv4192.168.0.11 -- server-port 6500
Enable Esxi dump collector
esxcli system coredump network set --enable true
Check Esxi dump collector
esxcli system coredump network checks.
esxcli system coredump network set --interface-name vmk0 --server-IPv4192.168.0.11 -- server-port 6500
Enable Esxi dump collector
esxcli system coredump network set --enable true
Check Esxi dump collector
esxcli system coredump network checks.
IT will be sent to the Windows dump collector server > %ProgramData%\VMware\VMware ESXi Dump Collector\Data\
53. How Slot size gets determined?
“A slot is a logical representation of the memory and CPU resources that satisfy the requirements for any powered-on virtual machine in the cluster.” memory reservation and highest CPU reservation of the VM in your cluster determines the slot size for the cluster.
“A slot is a logical representation of the memory and CPU resources that satisfy the requirements for any powered-on virtual machine in the cluster.” memory reservation and highest CPU reservation of the VM in your cluster determines the slot size for the cluster.
54. HA agent name for vsphere 5+
FDM
FDM
55. HA election process if the master server goes down?
The election process is defined by an algorithm with two published rules. For the first, the host with access to the greatest number of datastores wins. In the case of a tie, the second rule kicks in: The host with the lexically-highest Managed Object ID (MOID) is chosen. Care must be taken when attempting to rig this election because lexically here means, for example, that host-99 is in fact higher than host-100.
The election process is defined by an algorithm with two published rules. For the first, the host with access to the greatest number of datastores wins. In the case of a tie, the second rule kicks in: The host with the lexically-highest Managed Object ID (MOID) is chosen. Care must be taken when attempting to rig this election because lexically here means, for example, that host-99 is in fact higher than host-100.
56.Vmotion stuck at 10%, how to troubleshoot.
Restart the management services of the ESXi
Do VMkping to the other ESXi host to check connectivity
Vmkernal port should have vmotion enabled.
in advanced settings > migrate enabled > set it to 0 and then 1 again
Restart the management services of the ESXi
Do VMkping to the other ESXi host to check connectivity
Vmkernal port should have vmotion enabled.
in advanced settings > migrate enabled > set it to 0 and then 1 again
57. Ha not working..which logs to check?
Search the log files for any error message:
/var/log/fdm.log
/var/log/vmware/fdm/fdmDump.log
Search the log files for any error message:
/var/log/fdm.log
/var/log/vmware/fdm/fdmDump.log
58. Enabling guest customization is Greyed Out! But user is admin...
It is because the sysprep cab file needed to be downloaded from the Microsoft site for the OS before win 2008. Store it in the vcenter server at the location > c:\programdata\vmware\vmware vcenter\sysprep
It is because the sysprep cab file needed to be downloaded from the Microsoft site for the OS before win 2008. Store it in the vcenter server at the location > c:\programdata\vmware\vmware vcenter\sysprep
59. Background of HA?
FDM is HA agent-managing the heartbeat and the logs (/var/log/fdm.log).Vcenter fdm agent pushed to Esxi.
Hostd agent- It’s responsible for host tasks-communicating with the host kernel and powering on the vm. The logs are here (/var/log/hostd.log)
Hostd agent- It’s responsible for host tasks-communicating with the host kernel and powering on the vm. The logs are here (/var/log/hostd.log)
Concepts
Master/Slave – Slave agent sents information of the VMs running. Slaves only send traffic to the master.
network heartbeats-heartbeat between master and slave
storage heartbeats-heartbeat between master and datastore. Master server keeps a “power on” file.
Master/Slave – Slave agent sents information of the VMs running. Slaves only send traffic to the master.
network heartbeats-heartbeat between master and slave
storage heartbeats-heartbeat between master and datastore. Master server keeps a “power on” file.
60. If HA master goes down, how will the new master know which vms to start on another server.
One of the functions performed by the master host is to orchestrate restarts of protected virtual machines. A virtual machine is protected by a master host after vCenter Server observes that the virtual machine's power state has changed from powered off to powered on in response to a user action. The master host persists the list of protected virtual machines in the cluster's datastores. A newly elected master host uses this information to determine which virtual machines to protect.
One of the functions performed by the master host is to orchestrate restarts of protected virtual machines. A virtual machine is protected by a master host after vCenter Server observes that the virtual machine's power state has changed from powered off to powered on in response to a user action. The master host persists the list of protected virtual machines in the cluster's datastores. A newly elected master host uses this information to determine which virtual machines to protect.
61. Background of vmotion steps
process of vmotion
process of vmotion
Vmotion request to move VM from esx1 to esx2
Vcenter verifies that Vm is stable on esx1
Vcenter checks compatibility of ESX2
Vm is registered on Esx2
Vm state(memory, registers and network connections) information is copied to Esx2
additional changes are copied to memory bitmap on ESX1
ESX1 is quiesced and memory bitmap copied to ex2
Vm started at esx2 and all requested directed to esx2
final copy of Vm's memory is copied to esx2
vm unregistered from esx1
Vcenter verifies that Vm is stable on esx1
Vcenter checks compatibility of ESX2
Vm is registered on Esx2
Vm state(memory, registers and network connections) information is copied to Esx2
additional changes are copied to memory bitmap on ESX1
ESX1 is quiesced and memory bitmap copied to ex2
Vm started at esx2 and all requested directed to esx2
final copy of Vm's memory is copied to esx2
vm unregistered from esx1
62. what is the background process of svmotion?
New VM directory is created in target datastore, data is copied
ESX does a "self" vmotion the new directory
CBT(changed block tracking) feature keeps track of blocks that change during the copy process.
VM disk files are copied
disk blocks which changed are copied to the target disk file
source directroy deleted
New VM directory is created in target datastore, data is copied
ESX does a "self" vmotion the new directory
CBT(changed block tracking) feature keeps track of blocks that change during the copy process.
VM disk files are copied
disk blocks which changed are copied to the target disk file
source directroy deleted
63. How is vmotion done, at the switch level.
Beacause ESX1 and ESX2 are connected to separate port on the switch, a reverse arp broadcast is done after the movement, so that the traffic is routed through the correct port.
Beacause ESX1 and ESX2 are connected to separate port on the switch, a reverse arp broadcast is done after the movement, so that the traffic is routed through the correct port.
64.What does queched mean for vm?
The VM IO is stopped for a few milliseconds.
The VM IO is stopped for a few milliseconds.
65. Rdp works after vmotion to another host?
This possibly is because of the vshield spoof guard or some security app which blocks the communication thinking there is tampering of the Mac address/IP
66. Command to kill a VM?
connect a console to your ESXi host
esxcli vm process list (Check the world ID)
esxcli vm process kill -t=force -w=yyyyy
67.Command to switch of esxi firewall?
esxcli network firewall set --disabled
68. 2 slot size available..but still vm is not allowed to be powered on ..why
This possibly is because of the vshield spoof guard or some security app which blocks the communication thinking there is tampering of the Mac address/IP
66. Command to kill a VM?
connect a console to your ESXi host
esxcli vm process list (Check the world ID)
esxcli vm process kill -t=force -w=yyyyy
67.Command to switch of esxi firewall?
esxcli network firewall set --disabled
68. 2 slot size available..but still vm is not allowed to be powered on ..why
69. 2snapshots are missing...how to retrieve them
Jsh
70.Vcenter service is not starting, no logs...nothing....how will u rectify
71. what is the difference between a std vswitch and a dvswitch
Inbound traffic shaping can’t be done in stdvswitch
port blocking can’t be done in stdvswitch
private vlans can’t be done in stdvswitch
port based policies can’t be done in stdvswitch
Load based teaming can’t be done in stdvswitch
port blocking can’t be done in stdvswitch
private vlans can’t be done in stdvswitch
port based policies can’t be done in stdvswitch
Load based teaming can’t be done in stdvswitch
72.VM is greyed out
- Permissions are not set correctly
- There are virtual machine tasks running in the background
- The .vmx file is corrupted- check for blank space and invalid syntax.
- Permissions are not set correctly
- There are virtual machine tasks running in the background
- The .vmx file is corrupted- check for blank space and invalid syntax.
73.vmotion is not happening, what are the possible reasons?
74.upgrade of Vsphere from 5 to 5.5, what are the changes are dvswitch level
A new DVswitch needs to be created and the esxi servers need to be added to the new Dvswitch
75.Esxi purple screen logs (PSOD)
They are stored in VMKcore partition. You can use the Vcenter server to export the logs after the ESX server is back online.
As soon as a PSOD occurs, the contents of the VMkernel memory will be copied to the vmkcore partition.
76.what are the storage policies
Gold, Silver, Bronze depend on the type of storage required. If VASA is supported, we just need to configure the Storage policies or else we will need to point the policies to the correct datastores respectively.
Gold – Tier1 – fast and replicated (most probably FLASH drive and on RAID 10)
silver- Tier2 - not so fast and replicated(SSD drives and on RAID 5)
bronze- Tier3 – non replicated (Non sata drives on may be RAID 1)
silver- Tier2 - not so fast and replicated(SSD drives and on RAID 5)
bronze- Tier3 – non replicated (Non sata drives on may be RAID 1)
77. how to bring back an esxi to an early state before the upgrade. Rollback
Press shift+R to rollback your ESXi just after an upgrade to the previous version.
78.Upgrade steps from 5.1esxi to 5.5esxi
Check for pre-requisites
Steps
Upgrade Vcenter
Upgrade vclient
Upgrade the license
Upgrade the Vmware update manager
Upgrade the esx or esxi
upgrade the vmtools and vm hardware
upgrade the datastore to vmfs-latest
Upgrade vclient
Upgrade the license
Upgrade the Vmware update manager
Upgrade the esx or esxi
upgrade the vmtools and vm hardware
upgrade the datastore to vmfs-latest
Run host agent upgrade checker
it’s a utility on the vphere suite
it’s a utility on the vphere suite
Upgrade Vcenter
Requires VC downtime
no production downtime
Database schema will be upgraded
Requires VC downtime
no production downtime
Database schema will be upgraded
Upgrade to different vcenter server (if x32 to x64 server)
Backup the database
Uninstall UM and converter extensions
Upgrade the vmware update manager
Backup database
uninstall UM client extensions
Backup database
uninstall UM client extensions
Upgrade ESX/ESXi upgrade
Required downtime
Required downtime
15-20 mins for upgrade
But better to do fresh installs and load profile using Host profiles
But better to do fresh installs and load profile using Host profiles
VM upgrade
Vm downtime
Vmtools upgrade
VM hardware upgrade to new version
use VMware update manager
or manaully
Vmtools upgrade
VM hardware upgrade to new version
use VMware update manager
or manaully
79. Esxi server show error – can’t install Ha agent
To resolve this issue, remove the VIB that is causing the issue and fdm agent from the ESXi host.
- Place the ESXi host in Maintenance Mode.
- Run this command to find the list of VIBs installed on the ESXi host:
esxcli software vib list - From the /var/run/log/fdm-installer.log file, find the relevant VIB causing the issue.
- Run this command to remove the VIB after verifying the dependency:
esxcli software vib remove -n vibname - Run this command to remove fdm agent from the ESXi host:
esxcli software vib remove -n vmware-fdm - Reconfigure HA.
80. What is a VIB?
VIB stands for vSphere Installation Bundle. At a conceptual level a VIB is somewhat similar to a tarball or ZIP archive in that it is a collection of files packaged into a single archive to facilitate distribution. If we look under the covers we will find that a VIB is comprised of three parts:
- A file archive
- An XML descriptor file
- A signature file
81.What are the auto deploy components, how is it configured and which port does it use?
Auto deploy server
Rules > active and working
Image profile> default and custom
Host profiles
Answer files
Rules > active and working
Image profile> default and custom
Host profiles
Answer files
DHCP also needs to be configured for pxe boot of esxi
option 66 -Ip of TFTP server
option 67- undionly.kpxe.vmw-hardwired
Router configuration
PXE
TFTP
option 66 -Ip of TFTP server
option 67- undionly.kpxe.vmw-hardwired
Router configuration
PXE
TFTP
Auto deploy server port is 6501
82.What are the components of a virtual machine?
A virtual machine is composed of several processes or userworlds that run in the VMkernel. Combined, the processes collectively make up a group. The following is a summary of components of a virtual machine:
- Virtual Machine Executable (VMX) process - A process that runs in the VMkernel that is responsible for handling I/O to devices that are not critical to performance. The VMX is also responsible for communicating with user interfaces, snapshot managers, and remote console.
- Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) process - A process that runs in the VMkernel that is responsible for virtualizing the guest OS instructions, and manages memory. The VMM passes storage and network I/O requests to the VMkernel, and passes all other requests to the VMX process. There is a VMM for each virtual CPU assigned to a virtual machine.
- Mouse Keyboard Screen (MKS) process - A process that is responsible for rendering the guest video and handling guest operating system user input.
83.What is CapIQ?
Capacity IQ is the virtual app which you can install in your vcenter server and get the usage/capacity reports from the Vcenter. For cluster, esx, even Vm level
84. How to install SRM and do a DR with SRM
85. What is VCM
Advanced technical knowledge of VDI technologies, VMware View
Advanced experience with Microsoft Operating Systems: Windows Server 2008 & 2012
Experience with migration tools (P2P, P2V, V2V, and V2P)
Experience with static desktop and dynamic desktop supporting technologies such as Thin Cloning, Provisioning, Application Virtualization (App-V)
Experience with Storage Network Technologies (EMC, IBM and Purestorage)
Technical knowledge of DELL and IBM hardware
Experience in unified computing system (Cisco) would be a plu
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